View source for Help:Data type/hy

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{{information page}}
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'''Data types''' define how the statement will behave, and what kind of data they take. Different types of statements use different types of properties, and they are also using different data types. During creation of properties one of the choices is to set the data type, and once set the property gets locked to this data type. That has implications for how they can be used and there must be some amount of planning before a useful property can be defined.
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Coordination of work on properties happens at {{ll|Wikidata:Property proposal}}.
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{{properties by datatype|style=float:right; margin-left: 1em}}
{{clear}}

<span id="Properties_by_type"></span>
==Հատկություններ ըստ տիպի ==

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For a list of the properties that currently require each type of data type, see either:
* [[Special:ListProperties]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/all|List of all properties]]
* [[Wikidata:Database reports/Constraint violations/All properties|Constraint violations: all properties]]
* [[:Category:Properties by datatype]]
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Datatypes to link entities ==
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Wikidata has 6 types of entities ({{entitytype|item}}, {{entitytype|property}}, {{entitytype|lexeme}}, {{entitytype|sense}}, {{entitytype|form}} and {{entitytype|EntitySchema}}). For each entity type there exists a same-named data type that can be used to link entities of that type.
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;{{int:datatypes-type-wikibase-item}} {{anchor|wikibase-item}}
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Link to an {{ll|Help:items|item}}.</span> <small>([[Special:ListProperties/wikibase-item|{{int list of properties}}]])</small>
;{{int:datatypes-type-wikibase-property}} {{anchor|wikibase-property}}
:<span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Ներքին հղում դեպի {{ll|Help:Properties|property}}</span> <small>([[Special:ListProperties/wikibase-property|{{int list of properties}}]])</small>
;{{int:datatypes-type-entity-schema}} {{anchor|entity-schema}}
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Link to an {{ll|Help:EntitySchema|entity schema}}.</span> <small>([[Special:ListProperties/entity-schema|{{int list of properties}}]])</small>

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The following data types are primarily meant for statements on Lexemes, which make up the {{ll|Wikidata:Lexicographical data|lexicographical data}} of Wikidata.
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;{{int:datatypes-type-wikibase-lexeme}} {{anchor|wikibase-lexeme}}
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Link to a {{ll|Help:lexeme|lexeme}}.</span> <small>([[Special:ListProperties/wikibase-lexeme|{{int list of properties}}]])</small>
;{{int:datatypes-type-wikibase-form}} {{anchor|wikibase-form}}
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For statements on lexemes that reference {{ll|Help:form|forms}} on other lexemes in order to indicate their relation.</span> <small>([[Special:ListProperties/wikibase-form|{{int list of properties}}]])</small>
;{{int:datatypes-type-wikibase-sense}} {{anchor|wikibase-sense}}
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For statements on lexemes that reference {{ll|Help:sense|senses}} on other lexemes.</span> <small>([[Special:ListProperties/wikibase-sense|{{int list of properties}}]])</small>

==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">String-based data types</span> {{anchor|string-based}} ==

{{anchor|string}}
=== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-string-head}} ===

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P2183|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|string}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with string-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with string-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/string]]
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Chain of characters, numbers and symbols that don't need to be translated into different languages or number formats. A string is not used for calculations.
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:{{int Examples}}{{int:colon}}
:* B123
:* 90928390-XLE
:* u29238

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Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with <code>wmgWikibaseStringLimits</code> in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=InitialiseSettings.php InitialiseSettings.php].
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{{anchor|monolingualtext}}
=== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-monolingualtext-head}} ===

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P1451|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|monolingual text}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with monolingualtext-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with monolingualtext-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/monolingualtext]]
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A string that is not translated into other languages. This type of string is defined once and reused in all languages. Typical use is a geographically localized entity name written in the local language, an identifier of some kind, a chemical formula or a Latin scientific name. See {{ll|Help:Monolingual text languages}} for information about the language codes available for monolingual text values and how to request support for additional language codes. (''Note that monolingual text also implies a single script system, which can make the string somewhat problematic.'')
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Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with <code>wmgWikibaseStringLimits</code> in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=InitialiseSettings.php InitialiseSettings.php].
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{{anchor|external-id}}

==={{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-external-id-head}}===
:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P214|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|external-id}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with external-id-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with external-id-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/external-id]]
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String that represents an identifier used in an external system. Will display as external link if a {{Property|P1630}} is defined. See: [[Wikidata:External identifiers|External identifiers]].
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Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with <code>wmgWikibaseStringLimits</code> in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=InitialiseSettings.php InitialiseSettings.php].
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{{anchor|url}}

=== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-url-head}} ===

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P856|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|url}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with url-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with url-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/url]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A generalized "URL" that identifies some kind of external resource, perhaps a link to an external site of some kind, or an identifier used for lookup in some kind of specialized resource.
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Maximum length is 1,500 characters on Wikidata, as defined with <code>wmgWikibaseStringLimits</code> in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=InitialiseSettings.php InitialiseSettings.php].
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=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Data types to reference files on Commons</span> ===

{{anchor|commonsMedia}}
==== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-commonsmedia-head}} ====

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P18|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|commons file}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with commonsMedia-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with commonsMedia-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/commonsMedia]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
References to files on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "File" namespace on Commons will be searched for matching entries. These files can be used both to illustrate the concepts in Wikidata and as an actual property value for inclusion on Wikipedia.
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:{{int Examples}}{{int:colon}}
:* Wikidata-logo.svg

{{anchor|geo-shape}}
===={{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-geo-shape-head}}====
:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P3896|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|geo-shape}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with geo-shape-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with geo-shape-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/geo-shape]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Reference to [[mw:Help:Map Data|map data]] file on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the [[c:Help:Namespaces|"Data" namespace on Wikimedia Commons]] will be searched for matching entries.
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{{anchor|tabular-data}}

===={{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-tabular-data-head}}====
:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P4045|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|tabular-data}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with tabular-data-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with tabular-data-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/tabular-data]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Reference to [[mw:Help:Tabular Data|tabular data]] file on Wikimedia Commons. During entry in the textfield the "Data" namespace on Commons will be searched for matching entries.
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=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Data types for specific notations</span> ===

{{anchor|math}}
==== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-math-head}} ====
:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P2534|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|math}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with math-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with math-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/math]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Formatted string that displays as formula.
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Example:
:<code><nowiki>\sqrt{1-e^2}</nowiki></code> produces: <math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>
See [[w:Help:Displaying a formula]] for applicable format.
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Current limitation: input text can't be queried on Query Service.
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{{anchor|musical-notation}}
==== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-musical-notation-head}} ====
:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P6604|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|musical-notation}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with musical-notation-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with musical-notation-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/musical-notation]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Generated image in [[Q178051|.png format]] that displays a musical score.  Values for that data type are strings describing music following [[Q195946|LilyPond]] syntax.
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Example:
: Value string <code>\relative c' { c d e f | g2 g | a4 a a a | g1 |}</code>, produces
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::<score>\relative c' { c d e f | g2 g | a4 a a a | g1 |}</score>

<span id="Other_data_types"></span>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
==Հատկությունների տիպերի ցանկ ==
</div>

{{anchor|quantity}}
=== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-quantity-head}} ===

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P1082|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|quantity}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with quantity-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with quantity-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/quantity]]
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A Quantity value represents a decimal number, together with information about the uncertainty interval of this number, and a unit of measurement. The attributes are:
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* amount: the quantity's main value
* lowerBound: the quantity's lower bound (optional)
* upperBound: the quantity's upper bound (optional)
* unit: unit of measure item (empty for dimensionless values)
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Internally, amount, lower bound and upper bound are strings; positive numbers are stored with a plus sign, though this will not be displayed. The representation of a quantity may not be longer than 127 characters; therefore, the maximal value of a quantity is 10^126-1.
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Unit conversion is implemented based on {{P|2370}}. Most units with that property are normalized in the RDF export for the query service (October 2019).
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The normalisation table is readable as a JSON file [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/mediawiki-config/+/master/wmf-config/unitConversionConfig.json in the WMF Mediawiki repository].
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:{{int Examples}}{{int:colon}}
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:* 762 (dimensionless)
:* 2500 km (upper and lower bounds are not set, with unit)
:* 1.03 ± 0.02 g (enter as ''nominal value'' +/- ''tolerance'', representing a lower and upper bound, with unit). The tolerance is in some cases not shown at Wikipedia, only the nominal value, for example in Wikidata lists produced by the listeria bot.
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{{anchor|time}}

=== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-time-head}} ===

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P569|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|time}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with time-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with time-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/time]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This data type stores a date in Gregorian or Julian calendar. [[Special:ListDatatypes#time|See detailed structure.]]
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:{{int Examples}}{{int:colon}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
:* 2012
:* 1780-05 (=May 1780)
:* 1833-11-01 (=1st November 1833)
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
See {{ll|Help:Dates}} for more.
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{{anchor|globe-coordinate}}
=== {{int:wikibase-listdatatypes-globe-coordinate-head}} ===

:''{{int type}}''{{int:colon}} {{datatype|Property:P625|raw}} {{int:parentheses|{{Datatype|coordinate}}}}
:''{{int list of properties}}''{{int:colon}} [[:Category:Properties with globe-coordinate-datatype|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Category:Properties with globe-coordinate-datatype</span>]] -- [[Special:ListProperties/globe-coordinate]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A geographical position given as a latitude-longitude pair (in gms or decimal degrees) for a given "globe" (any stellar body). Globe defaults to "Earth" (<code>globe: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2</code>). A "precision" parameter describes the resolution of the source of the coordinate. Note that the coordinate system is assumed to be "WGS84" ({{Q|Q11902211}}), which may not be suitable for less Earth-like bodies, and this is not configurable.
</div>
{{phabricator|T56097}}
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Currently, the Web UI of Wikidata doesn't expose all parameters of this data type. The value is visualized only as the coordinate, plus an embedded map if the globe is {{Q|Q2}}. The precision can be modified in the edit mode. The globe is not visible, nor editable, in the item view. The full configuration is however visible in the history diff view ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?diff=284584739&oldid=262434301&title=Q520 example]).
</div>

{{phabricator|T250627}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
When using the Web UI, the value saved will be an exact multiple of the precision chosen.
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is possible to edit the data in full via API. The [https://github.com/maxlath/wikibase-cli/blob/master/docs/write_operations.md#rich-values CLI tool] is one way to access the API. In this example {{Q|Q520}} is given a coordinate on {{Q|Q111}} using the globe parameter (used in {{P|P625}}):
</div>

<code><nowiki>wd ac Q520 P625 '{ "latitude": 18.4, "longitude": 226, "precision": 0.016666666666667, "globe": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q111" }'</nowiki></code>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The [[User talk:Molarus/globe.js|globe.js script]] adds a UI to set the globe parameter of {{P|P625}}.
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Bots such as [[User:LocatorBot|LocatorBot]] may detect when the globe parameter of {{P|P625}} is not set according to {{P|376}}. Adding {{P|376}} and waiting for a bot to update the coordinate globe is an accepted workaround.
</div>

==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Technical details</span> <span id="technical-details"></span>==

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In the {{ll|Help:Wikibase JSON|Wikibase JSON}} format each value is represented by <code>"datatype": <datatype>, "datavalue": {"type": <type>, "value": ...}</code>, where the representation of the <code>value</code> depends on the <code>type</code>.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In the {{ll|Wikidata:RDF|RDF}} format data types are represented by the ''RDF name'' in the following table prefixed with http://wikiba.se/ontology# (or the <code>wikibase:</code> prefix in case of the RDF dumps). Note that this prefix is also available in the {{ll|Help:WDQS|Wikidata query service}}, so for example {{quickquery|?prop wikibase:propertyType wikibase:String}} will return all properties of data type String.
</div>

{{#invoke:datatypes|overviewTable}}

==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Limitations</span> <span id="limitations"></span>==

* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{datatype|time}} doesn't support time of day.</span> [[phab:T57755]]
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{datatype|quantity}} doesn't support {{Q|Q205}}, e.g. you cannot state {{st|Q49008|P1114|infinitely many}}.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Pending data types==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For none of the following dates of implementation are likely to be available. Existing datatypes may solve it in the meantime.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''See: [[Wikidata:Development plan]]''
</div>

<span id="To_be_done"></span>
===Պետք է արվի ===

<span id="Duration"></span>
==== Տևողություն ====
{{Tracked|T145532}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
time in HH:MM:SS format.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===To plan===
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Calculated property ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T167521}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A property calculated by Wikibase and added directly to items. Not in development plan.
</div> 

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Possible uses: number of statements on the item.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Celestial coordinates ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T127950}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A coordinate format for specifying positions of celestial objects. Not in development plan.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Current work-around: see [[Wikidata:Property proposal/Astronomical coordinates]]
</div>

{{Anchor|number}}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Integer datatype ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T112247}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A quantity datatype for positive integer numbers. This was partially implemented by removing precision and creating {{Q|Q52848401}}.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Monostring item ====
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A datatype allowing descriptions in any language, but a single label. Not in development plan.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Current alternatives: lexemes
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Alternative that is being evaluated: multilingual label replacing repeated labels
</div>
{{anchor|multilingualtext}}

<span id="Multilingual_text"></span>
===Բազմալեզու տեքստ===
{{Tracked|T86517}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A string that must be translated into other languages. Use might be an entity name on non-local form, that is translated into various languages and script systems. (''Note that multilingual text also imply a lot of manual work during translation.''). Actual purpose to be determined.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Multiline text ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T323705}}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A string that may contain newlines.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Remote property ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T133381|resolved}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Properties in remote repositories are likely to be identified through a special field on existing entities, not a separate datatype.
</div>

{{anchor|Value_series}}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Value series ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T147049}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A simplified way to store series of values for different points in time. Not in development plan.
</div>

<span id="Chess"></span>
==== Շախմատ ====
{{Tracked|T223460}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Display strings in FEN notation as in {{P|P6648}} directly as chessboards.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Hiero ====
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Strings for display with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiHiero|WikiHiero]]. Strings in [[w:Help:WikiHiero syntax|WikiHiero syntax]] are embedded in <code><nowiki><hiero></hiero></nowiki></code> to display. Samples on [[Talk:Q68101340]] and [[Property_talk:P7383]].
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Phab request to do.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Combined human-readable and numeric id ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T260639}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Datatype to add numeric id and page title, e.g. of a MediaWiki page. Qualifier {{P|P9675}} is sometimes added to property value with page titles. Some properties use the numeric value directly.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Wikibase statement ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T285157}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Datatype to reference a specific Wikidata statement.
</div> 

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Regular expressions ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T244046}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Datatype to store regular expressions (regex). These are currently stored as strings or monolingual text, e.g. {{P|1793}}, {{P|8770}}.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== IP address ranges ====
</div>
{{Tracked|T235389}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Datatype to store address ranges and simplify querying them.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Data types that will never be implemented ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Boolean ===
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{{Tracked|T145528|declined}}
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Declined. Suggested alternative: item-datatype.
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==Changing datatype==
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A property in "string" datatype may be converted to "external identifier" datatype by a system administrator. To propose such a change, you may start a discussion at the talk page of the property or [[WD:PC|Project chat]]. After a consensus, a request may be made in [[WD:DEV|Contact the development team]]. You should read [[Wikidata:Identifier migration|previous discussion]] if you want to convert a property created before 2016.
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Other changes of data type requires creating a new property and deleting the old one. You should use [[WD:PFD|Properties for deletion]] for such requests.
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<span id="See_also"></span>
== Տես նաև ==

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* [[Special:ListDatatypes]]
* [[Wikidata:WikiProject Properties/Reports/Datatypes]]
* [[Wikidata:Development plan]]
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